文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：农村集体经济组织成员确定的立法路径与制度安排

英文题名：Legislative path and institutional arrangement of identification of rural collective economic organization’s members

作者：许明月[1,2];孙凌云[1,3]

第一作者：许明月

机构：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120;[2]西南政法大学中国农村经济法制创新研究中心,重庆401120;[3]河南财经政法大学民商经济法学院,河南郑州450046

第一机构：西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120

年份：2022

卷号：28

期号：1

起止页码：245-256

中文期刊名：重庆大学学报：社会科学版

外文期刊名：Journal of Chongqing University:Social Science Edition

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSSCI:【CSSCI2021_2022】；

基金：重庆市哲学社会科学规划重大项目“重庆农村‘三变’改革法治化研究”(2021NDZD02);中国法学会2021年度部级法学研究课题“要素市场化配置背景下农村产权制度的完善”[CLS(2021)D67]。

语种：中文

中文关键词：农村集体经济组织;成员身份;成员身份确认;成员确定

外文关键词：rural collective economic organizations;membership;membership confirmation;identification of members

摘要：农村集体经济组织成员确定的立法路径在理论界有法定说和自治说两种不同的学说纷争。在农村集体经济组织成员确定方面应当直接通过立法明确,还是交由集体经济组织按照自治原则明确,要回答这个问题,需首先明确成员确定行为的性质,并在此基础上,明确某一个体被确定为某一集体经济组织成员的利益能否被剥夺或忽视。如果此种利益是不能被剥夺或忽视的,则必须通过法律作出明确规定,唯有如此,相关主体的利益才能得到切实保护,才不会因为自治或因"多数人的暴政"而被剥夺。反之,则可以将其交由相关集体经济组织按照自治原则处理。成员身份的确认与成员确定是两个不同的概念,前者是对成员原有身份的核实与认可,只能以事实状态为依据,否则,便可能侵害成员的既得权益;后者是对组织成员的实际构成所作的决定,它既包括对原有成员的确认,也包括对新加入成员的接受。由于行为性质与涉及的利益不同,对两类行为应当区别对待。对前一种行为,只有在具备明确法律依据的情况下,才能合法实施;对后一种行为,则主要由双方根据自己的预期通过协商的方式进行。为更好地保护成员权利,促进农村集体经济的发展,农村集体经济组织成员确定的立法,在路径选择上,应当对成员确定中的成员身份确认和新成员吸收分别作出不同的制度安排。对于成员身份的确认,相关立法应当采用法定路径;对于新成员的吸收,则应当采用自治路径。在法律制度的安排上,集体经济组织成员身份的确认只能以历史与现实作为基本依据,对此,应当根据法定原则确立以户籍为基本依据的成员身份确认制度,明确依照户籍应当认定的成员范围;在此基础上,根据法律或政策对因户籍恢复、调整而应当获得集体成员资格的人员范围进行界定,对应当丧失成员资格的人员进行排除,由此确定集体经济组织原始成员的范围。对集体经济组织新成员的吸收或接受,应当根据自治原则由集体经济组织与申请加入该组织的人员在自愿协商的基础上进行。集体经济组织应当通过章程对接纳外部成员的条件、程序等问题作出规定,并对外部成员的权利范围进行限制,土地承包经营权、子女获得成员身份的权利等不应当由外部成员享有。如此,才能更好地体现农村集体经济的性质,维护集体经济组织固有成员的合法权益。
Around the legislative path of identification of rural collective economic organization’s members, there have been two different theories in the theoretical circle: set by law theory and autonomy theory. To answer this question, it is necessary to first clarify the nature of members’ identification behavior, and on this basis, to clarify whether the interests of an individual determined as a member of a collective economic organization can be deprived or ignored. If such interests cannot be deprived or ignored, they must be clearly stipulated by law. Only in this way can the interests of relevant subjects be effectively protected and will not be deprived because of autonomy or “tyranny of the majority”. On the contrary, it can be handed over to relevant collective economic organizations in accordance with the principle of autonomy. The confirmation of membership and the determination of membership are two different concepts. The former is the verification and recognition of the original identity of members, which can only be based on the factual state, otherwise, it may infringe on the vested rights and interests of members. The latter is a decision on the actual composition of the organization’s members, which includes both the confirmation of the original members and the acceptance of new members. Due to the different nature of the act and the interests involved, the two types of acts should be treated differently. The former can be legally implemented only when there is a clear legal basis, and the latter behavior is mainly carried out by both parties through negotiation according to their own expectations. In order to better protect the rights of members and promote the development of rural collective economy, the legislation about determination of the members of rural collective economic organizations should make different institutional arrangements for the confirmation of membership and the absorption of new members. For the confirmation of membership, the relevant legislation should adopt the legal path. For the absorption of new members, the autonomous path should be adopted. On the arrangement of legal system, the confirmation of membership of collective economic organization can only be based on history and reality. In this regard, we should establish a membership recognition system based on the principle of registered residence, and clearly define the scope of membership according to the registered residence. On this basis, the scope of the personnel who should be given the membership should be defined according to the law or policy, and the personnel who should lose their membership should be excluded, so as to determine the scope of the original members of the collective economic organization. The absorption or acceptance of new members of a collective economic organization shall be conducted by the collective economic organization and the personnel applying to join the organization on the basis of voluntary consultation in accordance with the principle of autonomy. A collective economic organization shall, through its articles of association, stipulate the conditions and procedures for accepting external members, and limit the scope of rights of external members. For example, the right to land contractual management and the right of children to obtain membership shall not be enjoyed by external members. Only in this way, we can better embody the nature of rural collective economy and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the inherent members of collective economic organizations.