文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：就业机会不平等、教育回报差异与城乡工资差距

英文题名：Inequality in Employment,Difference in Returns to Education and the Urban-rural Wage Gap

作者：叶光[1]

第一作者：叶光

机构：[1]河南财经政法大学经济学院

第一机构：河南财经政法大学经济学院

年份：2015

卷号：0

期号：4

起止页码：25-30

中文期刊名：经济经纬

外文期刊名：Economic Survey

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSSCI:【CSSCI2014_2016】；

基金：国家社会科学基金项目(12BIY035;11BJL031)

语种：中文

中文关键词：教育回报率;就业机会不平等;Heckit模型;城乡工资差距

外文关键词：Rate of Return to Education;;Inequality in Employment;;Heckit Model;;Urban-Rural Wage Gap

摘要：笔者使用2012年中国31个省、市的调查数据,估算城乡劳动者在城镇就业的教育回报率,区分人力资本回报和就业机会不平等对教育回报的影响,研究城乡教育回报差异的形成原因和城乡工资差距问题。结果表明,忽略农村劳动者在城镇和农村就业的选择问题会导致农村教育回报率被严重低估,修正后的城乡教育回报差异明显缩小;就业机会不平等是造成城乡教育回报差异和工资差距的主要原因,人力资本的城乡差距并不明显。完善劳动力市场机制、消除家庭背景所致的就业机会不公是缩小城乡教育回报差异、激励农村劳动者接受更多教育的必然选择。
Using the data from a survey covering 31 China's provinces in 2012,we have estimated the return to education of urban and rural labors employed in urban areas,and then discussed the reason for difference between urban and rural return to education and the problem of the urban-rural wage gap in urban labor markets,by distinguishing the impact of human capital and employment inequality on returns to education. The result indicates that:( 1) The return to education in rural China would be seriously underestimated when the nonrandom sample selection was ignored,and accordingly the corrected urban-rural wage gap was much smaller than the uncorrected one.( 2) The difference between urban and rural return to education and the urban-rural wage gap were mainly result from the inequality in employment,and the difference between human capital of urban and rural labors was not obvious.( 3) Hence,in order to reduce the difference between urban and rural return to education,and then improve education in rural areas,it's necessary to perfect the labor market system and eliminate the inequality in employment induced by family background.